Effect of Injury Prevention Programs that Include the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Injury Rates in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Fuente
Este artículo es originalmente publicado en:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27752982
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40279-016-0638-2
http://www.anatomia-fisioterapia.es/?start=28
De:
Al Attar WS1,2,3, Soomro N4,5, Sinclair PJ4, Pappas E6, Sanders RH4.
Sports Med. 2016 Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print]
Todos los derechos reservados para:
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG. Part of Springer Nature.
Prevención de lesión de isquios en futbolistas
El ejercicio “nórdico” (NHE) se conoce bastante en la recuperación y la prevención de lesiones isquiosurales ya que permite una carga máxima de esta musculatura en la fase excéntrica. Estudios previos han mostrado que los ejercicios excéntricos pueden prevenir las lesiones de isquios y sus recidivas hasta un 65%. Sin embargo, una pequeña cantidad de estudios han proporcionado evidencia que este ejercicio no previene las lesiones de isquios. El objetivo de este meta-análisis fue investigar la efectividad del NHE en deportistas.
Los resultados agrupados mostraron que un 51% de los participantes incluidos experimentaron una reducción de las lesiones con el NHE.
Un estudio mostró que el 71% de las lesiones isquiosurales podrían prevenirse si el NHE fuese parte del entrenamiento de los jugadores de fútbol. Todos los estudios incluidos realizaron el NHE durante el calentamiento al inicio del entrenamiento. Sin embargo, se ha sugerido que es preferible realizarlo durante la fase de vuelta a la calma debido al ratio de fuerza funcional. Además, haciéndolo en fatiga, puede mejorar y mantener la fuerza. Sin embargo, esto podría ser especulativo ya que la vuelta a la calma por sí sola, podría incrementar la flexibilidad y el rendimiento, reduciendo las lesiones musculares.
Se recomienda realizar ejercicio excéntrico de los isquiosurales para prevenir o reducir las lesiones.
De: Al Attar et al., Sports Med (2016) (Publ. antes de impresión). Todos los derechos reservados: Springer International Publishing. Pincha aquí para acceder al resumen.. Traducido por Francisco Jimeno Serrano.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Hamstring injuries are among the most common non-contact injuries in sports. The Nordic hamstring (NH) exercise has been shown to decrease risk by increasing eccentric hamstring strength.
OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of the injury prevention programs that included the NH exercise on reducing hamstring injury rates while factoring in athlete workload.
METHODS:
Two researchers independently searched for eligible studies using the following databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via OvidSP, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) via OvidSP, EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL and AusSportMed, from inception to December 2015. The keyword domains used during the search were Nordic, hamstring, injury prevention programs, sports and variations of these keywords. The initial search resulted in 3242 articles which were filtered to five articles that met the inclusion criteria. The main inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials or interventional studies on use of an injury prevention program that included the NH exercise while the primary outcome was hamstring injury rate. Extracted data were subjected to meta-analysis using a random effects model.
RESULTS:
The pooled results based on total injuries per 1000 h of exposure showed that programs that included the NH exercise had a statistically significant reduction in hamstring injury risk ratio [IRR] of 0.490 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.291-0.827, p = 0.008). Teams using injury prevention programs that included the NH exercise reduced hamstring injury rates up to 51 % in the long term compared with the teams that did not use any injury prevention measures.
CONCLUSIONS:
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that injury prevention programs that include NH exercises decrease the risk of hamstring injuries among soccer players. A protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO (CRD42015019912).
- PMID: 27752982 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0638-2
- [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
